“The time drew near and the Moon split. If they see a miracle, they immediately turn away; This is a long-known magic!.. they say. “
Verse 1 and 2 of Surat al-Qamar
The known history has changed with the discovery of Göbekli Tepe, but the thing that has not changed is the discovery that the Moon is one of the celestial bodies that most affect people and that it was known and thought at that time that it affected the physical, metaphysical and social qualities and characteristics of human beings.
No matter how far back in history we go, the place of the Moon among the celestial bodies has always been important for ancient nations. Eliphas Levi explains this situation, “The wise man who wants to read the sky should pay attention to the days of the moon, which has a great influence in astrology. The moon attracts and repels the magnetic fluid on the earth, thereby producing the tide in the sea; For this reason, we should know the phases of the moon well and be able to separate the days and hours[1].” With his determination, he emphasized that the Earth's satellite is as important as the key to open the lock in order to be successful in astrological readings. In the Qur'an, "And We appointed for it stations until the Moon turned into a shape like a bunch of withered dates. (Surah Yasin, Verse 39)" emphasized the Moon planet and mentioned that the ranges are appreciated. Similarly, Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa mentioned the importance of the Moon in his work called Secret Philosophy or Philosophy of Magic[2];
“The moon takes the influence of all the other planets and stars and reflects what it gets from them to Earth. Since he is the last receiver, all the stars affect him and he transfers the influence of the superiors to the below, pouring them into the world. It governs the following different habits, motion, situation, planets, stars, different angles more distinctly than others. It takes its properties according to the angles it makes with the sun. It is hot and humid in the first quarter, dry and hot in the second, cold and dry in the third, and cold and humid in the fourth. It reveals all the understandings of the superiors, even if they are in the lowest of the stars. The moon connects everything and every cause. It binds everything to itself and can even reach the supreme power on which everything depends. We can never draw the powers of others without the power of the moon. Therefore, if the Moon makes a good aspect with another planet in an auspicious time, the plant and stone of that planet are beneficial.”
The Moon's mansions, in other words, their ranges, their relationship with other planets and their angles; It is understood that its physical and metaphysical connection with the world constitutes an important place for understanding the divine messages and energies coming from the sky. In this direction, we need to know the Moon in the best way, to be aware of the value attributed from the past to the present, and to open the door to information that will be obtained intuitively through the information we have obtained.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MOON
In fact, the Moon is dark and appears bright when viewed from Earth because it reflects the light it receives from the Sun. These natural events, which were sensed even by the oldest peoples who measured time according to astronomical observations; It was unknown until Anaximenes correctly interpreted the dynamics of the eclipse. According to Parmendes, the Moon is “always pointed towards the bright rays of the Sun”. Empecdoles thinks eclipses are caused by the Moon coming between the Earth and the Sun, and uses eclipses to calculate the distance between the Moon and the Sun on the basis of the distance between the Earth and the Moon. Democritus was the first scholar to interpret the spots of the Moon as shadows of valleys and mountains. Observing these spots, Plutarch concluded that the same side of the Moon is always seen from the Earth and that the Moon, like the Earth, has a rough surface with valleys, mountains, and oceans that reflect sunlight differently[3].
The center of mass of the Earth and Moon system is inside the Earth, while the "neutral point" where the Earth's and Moon's gravity compensate each other is located in space, 38,440 km from our satellite and 345,960 km from Earth. When spacecraft launched from Earth pass this point, they fall under the gravitational force of the Moon. The meteoric origin of mountains on the Moon is also confirmed by the fact that they are arcs surrounding large basins. With the effect of very violent collisions on the crust, pits were opened and the crust was pushed to the sides[4].
Small craters on the Moon's surface are perfectly circular in shape, although they are less than 20 km in diameter. The bowl- or funnel-shaped depressions are surrounded by high flat, gravelly slopes. These craters are sometimes of volcanic origin, in which case they do not have a central peak. They are deeper than large craters. Large craters, on the other hand, are always in the form of a circle and their edges are very prominent. There are concentric cracks and terraces on their inner surfaces. There are traces left by the flow of molten materials on their outer surfaces, and when viewed from afar, the continuous crown of ejected material and the intermittent crown of finer materials are visible. The Moon's structure has epicenters of internal seismic movements at depths of 600 to 950 km; The geological boundary between the crust and the flexible interior may be here. The propagation of seismic waves suggests that some discontinuities also exist. Most of the Moon's surface is covered with anorthosite, a calcium and aluminum slicate, which is rare on Earth. Most of the lunar surface is not rocky, but is covered with regolith, which consists of particles and whose granulometry is very variable[5].
The moon rotates around its polar axis, inclining 50 degrees with respect to the vertical of its orbital plane. Hence; The lunar day varies little with the seasons and in length at different latitudes. The Sun always reaches the horizon plane of the Moon's poles. The time between the Moon's rotation period, that is, the Moon's passing through the same point of the orbit twice, is called the "Star Moon". A Star Moon ends when the Moon returns to the same position relative to a fixed star so distant that movements in the Sun's orbit are negligible. The Moon of Conjunction ends when the Moon returns to the same position relative to the Sun. Therefore, the duration of the Conjunction Moon is longer than the Star Moon. The different aspects of the Moon are called phases, and the fundamental phases also have different names;
- New Moon Phase; It happens when the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in line with this order. The Moon becomes invisible because it rises and sets with the Sun. It is not visible during the day because it shows its non-illuminated face, and it is not visible at night because it does not exist.
- Rising Moon Phase; After the new moon phase, the luminous side of the Moon gradually widens, starting from a very thin Crescent. It is the first crescent phase.
- First Quarter Phase; The Earth-Moon line is 900 away from the Earth-Sun line. ¼ of the Moon's surface is visible.
- Full Moon Phase; This is when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in line with this order. The entire circle of the Moon is illuminated because as the Sun sets, the Moon rises.
- Descending Moon Phase; After the full moon, the bright side of the Moon gradually narrows and becomes a crescent.
- Last Quarter Phase; The Moon-Earth line is again 900 to the Earth-Sun line. But the Moon is on the opposite side with respect to the first quarter. ¼ of its surface is the second half of the circle, which remains dark in the First Quarter. It is also called the Last Crescent.
The Moon completes its rotation around its polar axis in 4 weeks. Since it takes the same time for the Earth to revolve around it, it always faces the same towards us. The Moon is synchronized with the Earth. However, from our point of view, the appearance of the Moon is not always the same[6]. Its position relative to the Sun and Earth differs on its illuminated surface. From the Rising Moon Phase to the Last Quarter Phase, we observe that the Moon primarily draws the Crescent from the right, becomes fully evident in the Full Moon Phase, and disappears in the last phase by drawing the Crescent from the left.
The Moon has three different movements: Ash, Eclipse, and Partial Solar Eclipse. During the Full Moon Phase, if the Moon is at a point in orbit close to the ecliptic, Earth's shadow leaves it partially in darkness and a Partial Lunar Eclipse occurs. If the Full Moon Phase takes place when the Moon is in a node, the Sun, Earth and Moon will be in line with that order and the Moon will be completely in shadow of our planet and a total Lunar Eclipse will occur. In this eclipse, the Moon does not completely disappear and takes on a reddish color. If the New Moon Phase is located at a point in the Moon's orbit close to the ecliptic, the Moon's shadow leaves part of the Earth's surface in darkness. So a partial Solar Eclipse happens. If the New Moon Phase takes place when the Moon is at a node, the centers of the Sun, Moon, and Earth will be in line with this order, and the Moon will cast its full shadow on the Earth, resulting in a Total Solar Eclipse[7].
Moon; It performs Latitude, Longitudinal, Iraqi, and Daily and finally Physical Oscillation movements. It is parallel to the seasons on Earth in its latitudinal motion and is due to the Moon's axis of rotation inclined to its orbit. Its longitudinal motion is due to the fact that not all rotation and circulation motions are synchronous. While the rotation is a uniform motion, its velocity increases in periphery and decreases in the distance, as the circulation follows Kepler's laws. It is due to the fact that the person observing the Moon in its Iraqi or Daily oscillation movement is not at the center of the Earth, but on its surface. When the moon rises, part of the surface beyond its eastern edge is visible, and when it sets, part of the surface beyond its western edge is visible. Physical Oscillation is due to real irregularities in the rotational motion. The first three movements are the most important oscillating movements and these oscillating movements are called Apparent Oscillations. Studies of the Moon's movements led to the construction of observation structures on the horizon that would enable the identification and re-finding of points corresponding to the "phases" of the Moon's course.
Finally, the tides, in which the Moon physically affects the Earth; It is caused by the gravitational force of the Moon and the Sun and the rotational forces of the Earth-Moon System. The highest point of the tide occurs during New Moon and Full Moon; its lowest point occurs in the First or last Quarter. Ocean and sea tides are very pronounced in some coastal areas due to the contribution of certain meteorological conditions and the structure of the seafloor. But tides also affect continents, the atmosphere, and the Moon; They have caused permanent deformation of the lunar crust and a shift of the center of mass towards the Earth[8].
THE PLACE OF THE MOON IN RELIGIONS AND MYTHOLOGY
In ancient Near Eastern mythology, the Sumerian names for the Moon God were Nanna and Dilimbabbar (He who ran there alone in glory). In Akkadian Nanna was called Süen or Sin. Nanna's symbols were Crescent, Taurus, and the number 30 representing the number of days in a month. Many famous rulers named the Moon God (Naramsin, Sin's favorite). The main city where he was worshiped was Ur[9].
Nanna, the god of the city of Ur, was created together by the supreme god Enlil and Ninlil. In this legend, there are many connections between Ninlil, the goddess of the city of Nippur, and his wife Enlil. For example, it is stated that Enlil appeared before Ninlil in various forms of the gods of the nether world, and different gods were created by the union of the two. When the city of Ur became the capital of Sumer in the 21st century BC, Nanna was given the title of firstborn child of Enlil and Ninlil in the same legend[10]. Being the first son of Enlil, the Moon God Nanna was held in high esteem among the gods. Nanna was considered the father of the celestial deities Inanna (Venus) and Utu (Sun). He was believed to be superior because of his paternal position. All three deities were considered particularly important in helping people's demands and needs, and they were thanked for guiding[11]. Nanna had many different symbols; For example, a crescent-shaped boat and bull horn or a piece of ripe fruit resembling a full moon represented it[12].
Nanna, the City God of Ur, oversaw Ur, which was transformed into a lively city in the 3rd century BC. The earliest known abbesses used to perform their duties there. When UR became the capital of a great empire in the 21st century BC, Nanna attained a high position among the gods because she ruled the city perfectly. State institutions would record everything that went in and out of the city, down to the last cattle cadaver. Large-scale cattle rearing was necessary before he could offer votive sacrifices to Nanna[13]. Nanna, the creator of time, began the new day with the moon appearing in a crescent shape. Nanna's symbolic number 30 represented the 30 days of the month. The months were divided according to the feast days set for the new moon, half moon and dark moon[14].
Nanna's forms were Nanna's best-known symbol, the Crescent on which she was depicted standing. This symbol was often hung on a pole and taken on military expeditions as a sign that Nanna was ready there. Because the crescent moon resembled a bull's horn, the bull was an extremely common image of Nanna. In the depictions, Nanna appears as a bull grazing a flock of stars at night. The full moon was often depicted as a fruit[15].
In Akkadian, Nanna was called Suen or Sin. He was the Moon God of Sin Urfa and Harran. Sin worshipers were aware of the close relationship of the moon/night period with the concentration period of human intuitive power. Another factor that makes the Moon important is that women monitor their menstrual periods according to the movements of the Moon. Another important aspect of the moon cult was that moon worship was associated with divination. In fact, these prophecies are related to the correct reading and perception of the language of nature. For example, some changes such as earthquakes and seasons were previously known by observing the movements of the Moon[16]. However, if the expression Ya - Sin in the Qur'an is taken as "O Sin", as explained above, it can be an address to the Moon God Sin[17].
In the Neolithic Age, it is seen that there was a belief in the Mother Goddess as a reflection of the matriarchal social structure in Anatolia. The Phrygian Mother Goddess is Cybele and she is the most known of the mother goddesses. Halicarnassus fisherman says the following about Cybele: "While Anatolia was governed by a matriarchal system, the great mother goddess Cybele was worshiped. Cybele was a moon goddess. Since it represented maiden, femininity and motherhood, the rising moon was shown as the full moon and the waning moon, that is, it had a trine structure.” The Amazons, the legend of warrior women who settled in Anatolia and whose fame spread all over the world, is an important proof of the matriarchal life in Anatolia. The mother goddess of the Amazons was also Cybele[18].
Let's face India, the original Yoga system: the Sanskrit word Nadi means Energy channel. There are hundreds of thousands of Nadis that make up the energy body in the human body. The Nadis are connected with the chakras, which are the energy input-output vortices. Energy centers are places where bodily, mental and emotional energies come into contact with each other on a physical level. The universal energy called Prana is the force that connects the bodily and mental level, the mental and the emotional level. Nadis spread throughout the body from two centers called kandasthane. One of them is in the heart region and the other in the abdomen. The kandasthana, which is in the abdominal region, which is called Kanda Mula, is twelve fingers above the anus and is egg-shaped. From this center, 72,000 Nadis spread throughout the body. The three most important of these are Susumna Nadi, Ida Nadi and Pingala Nadi. Susumna Nadi is an energy channel connected with the 7 basic chakras located at the spine level. In Sanskrit, Sushumna means "direct way". The Pingala Nadi channel starts from the right of the Kanda Mula and follows a curved path and reaches the Agya Chakra, called the 3rd Eye, from the right side, between the two eyebrows. This channel carries solar energy. The energy channel related to our subject is Ida Nadi. Ida Nadi starts from the left of the Kanda Mula, follows a curvy path and approaches the Agya Chakra from the left. Solar energy flows through the Pingala channel, which performs the physiological functions of the body. In the Ida Channel, the energy of the Moon flows, which performs the intuitive and emotional functions of the body. Solar energy is related to left brain activities. It is associated with the sympathetic nervous system in the autonomic nervous system. The Moon is associated with the para-sympathetic nervous system in the Autonomic nervous system. The purpose of yoga is to balance the energy of the Sun and the Moon[19].
Hindu; Brahmins and Buddhists have mixed theories on the effects of the Sun and Moon (masculine and feminine elements), negative and positive principles, opposites of magnetic polarity, and the Moon's influence on women is well known, writes all the ancient authors of magnetism and like Du Potet Ennomoser also confirms the theories of the Hindu prophets at every point[20]. The principle of balancing opposite concepts such as negative and positive, masculine and feminine, gracious and womb, physics and metaphysics constitutes the most important principle of Indian mythology. When the mythological Indian legends are examined, it is observed that it is related to duality and contrasts and that there is a constant struggle for unity. Allegories that continue with this assumption should be considered.
The first of these allegories is the allegory of Shiva along with Vishnu, since he is the two most important gods of the Hindus. In Trimirtu it represents the destructive aspect; In addition to this aspect, his fame as a great hunter stems from the Vedic predecessor Rudra. Shiva, who was originally a Lunar deity, exhibits female characteristics. His later mythology is also dualistic, with its erotic and pious, benevolent and terrifying, creative and destructive aspects[21]. With the transformation of Vaishnavism and Shaivaism traditions adopted by Vishnu and Shiva worshipers into prominent Hindu sects in the Middle Ages, a tendency has developed in terms of ignoring the creative role of Brahma. Some legends cite Shiva or Vishnu as the original creator god, portraying Brahma as an "ordinary" god who always needs the help of more powerful gods. According to one such legend, one day Brahma and Shiva got into an argument over who was superior. Furious, Shiva cuts off one of Brahma's heads with the nail of his little finger. As the severed head falls, it sticks to Shiva's hand. Brahmahatya, the flaming, fierce and gigantic female demon that haunts anyone who commits the sin of killing a Brahman, immediately appears next to Shiva. Shiva assumes the terrible form of Kalabhairava because of Brahmahatya's pursuit wherever he goes with the skull clinging to his hand. After wandering around the world in this way, his sin was finally forgiven when he reached the holy city of Varanasi[22].
Shiva has two sons from his wife, Pervati. Elephant-headed Ganesha and Skanda or Karttikeya, a god of war. Shiva is often depicted on a bull named Nandi, his mount; instead of the sacred Brahman cord, he ties a cobra around his waist and wears a robe of tiger skin or elephant skin[23].
The enraged Shiva, posing as Natajara (cosmic dancer), dances on the body of the dwarf Apasmara, the epitome of the world-destroying ignorance. With his dance, the cosmic order is restored; when the dance ends, the world and the cosmic order collapses[24].
The Distribution of Daksha's Sacrifice Ceremony takes place as follows; When Parvati marries the god Shiva, his father, the wise Daksha, does not like the strange appearance of his new son-in-law and does not approve of this marriage. While he invites all the gods to a sacrificial ceremony, he insults Shiva by not including him among the guests. When Parvati learns of this rudeness of her father, she goes to the sacrifice ceremony to reciprocate him. As soon as She gets there, she throws herself into the sacrificial fire and burns to ashes. Hearing the incident, Shiva became enraged and created two demons from the matted locks of hair. The demons attack Daksha's sacrificial ceremony, burning everything and beheading Daksha. As they spiral out of control, the gods beseech Shiva to call them back. Shiva, whose anger has passed, complies with this request and replaces Daksha's severed head with a goat's head[25].
After Parvati's death, Shiva, overwhelmed with grief, goes to the Daru forest to seek solace. There she meets the great sages living with their wives. The sages do not trust Shiva, and upon the lustful gaze of their wives at the new guest, they become enraged and curse Shiva's phallus to be severed. As soon as the ruptured phallus falls to the ground, it begins to shake the world. The sages apologized to Shiva, invoking fear. Shiva, who forgives them, declares that if they worship his phallus in the form of lingam, he will not withhold his grace from them. Thus, the tradition of worshiping Shiva in temples and holy places in the form of a lingam on a bowl called a yoni and symbolizing the vagina emerges. To maintain the cosmic union of male and female beings, the lingam and yoni are bathed in melted butter and other essential liquids. Experts are of the opinion that the cult of lingam has existed in India since Antiquity[26].
It can be said that the allegorical stories told are the result of the physiological and psychological effects of the Moon on the intuitive and emotional characteristics of human beings[27].
In ancient Egypt, however, Isis was identified with the Moon and ruled the seas (water). The moon is represented by the horns of the bull[28]. Horus, son of Osiris and Isis; He is the protector of the Sun and the Moon with the identity of the Sky God. The Sun is the right eye of Horus, and the Moon is the Left eye of Horus[29].
In Greek mythology; One of the twin children of Zeus and Letho, Apollo is the Sun God and Artemis is the Moon Goddess. As a young girl, Artemis persuades Zeus to grant her six wishes. These include remaining chaste and celibate forever and being equipped for hunting. Thus Artemis becomes the Goddess of chastity, hunting and wild animals. She is a fertility goddess in Ephesus. She is known as Diana in Rome. Help is asked from Artemis in childbirth. The death of a woman after childbirth is tied to the arrows of Artemis. In this allegory, the influence of the Moon on pregnancies and births can be emphasized[30].
If we go to the Americas related to the mythology of the Moon, it will be seen that the Indians worship the Moon as the supreme God. Their place of worship is a Huaka named Sian. Sian means House of the Moon. The Moon is more powerful than the Sun. The Moon can be seen day and night, but the Sun cannot be seen at night. The Moon can darken the Sun, but the Sun cannot darken the Moon. Coastal natives believe that for two days when the Moon is not visible (new moon), he goes to the other side to punish dead thieves. This dead thief is the star in the middle of the three stars in the constellation Orion. The two stars in the Orion constellation hold the thief, called the thief, in their arms and throw them in front of the vultures. Vultures are the four stars below the Orion constellation. The Orion constellation is the three stars known as the Three Kings or Three Wizards. Along with the four stars called vultures, the seven stars stand in the sky to remind them of the crime and the punishment of the Moon[31].
Finally, if we move on to the Cult of the Moon in Turks, Elliad states that many peoples believe that the Moon is with women disguised as a man or a snake. For this reason, young girls did not look at the moon for fear of getting pregnant. This belief is also present in Central Asian Turks. Legend has it that Alan-Ko'a was conceived by the moonlight. One of the most important issues that makes the Moon important for Turks is the belief that "Turkish descendants derive from the Moon". In Oğuzname, it is written that Oğuz Kaan's father's name is Ay-Han. The Turks described the Moon as a man and regarded him as a father who gave birth to a child. Ay Ata idioms and names come from here. To women who conceived from the Moon, the Moon came as a blond man and left in the form of a dog[32].
FROM KNOWLEDGE TO INTUITION: THE MOON
It is not possible for the Sun to catch up with the Moon and for the night to exceed the day. And they all swim in the celestials.
(Surah Yasin, Verse 40)
The moon was used as a symbol in the religion of Islam and as a result of the Hijra event, Hz. When the Prophet reached Medina from Mecca, those who greeted him sang a melody with the words "The moon has risen on us, from the Veda hill, Thank God for us, from the justice of Allah...". If you notice, the greeting was made not with the Sun, but with the Moon, which is the one that gives its light to the Moon as light and light. In this direction, instead of the solar calendar, the lunar calendar, which was initiated with the Hijra event, has also been used. There is a special chapter about the Moon in the Qur'an (Surah Al-Qamar), and although only the Moon is mentioned in 17 verses in total, the Sun and the Moon are mentioned together in many verses.
The Islamic Philosopher, Ibn Arabi, in his allegorical narratives, describes the experiences of the people he named with the imitative and rational names in the near sky, in the moon sky, with the following sentences; After these people are freed from the influence of natural desires consisting of elements, the doors of the heaven close to them are opened and they reach the first realm. Here, the Imitator Hz. If Adam is Rational, he encounters the spirituality of the Moon and the spirituality makes him sit next to him. Acting with the power of independent mind, this person sees that the spirituality of the Moon, which he is his guest, is at the service of Adam. The rational Moon sees that all of his knowledge in its spirituality cannot transcend the spheres below it, and that he has no knowledge of what is above it. The Moon's information is effective for those below its location. In Adam, on the other hand, there is knowledge of the places above and below it. Adam teaches his guest imitator the special aspect of beings (direction, face), divine knowledge realized for particular souls. This knowledge moves people away from limiting them with cause and disease. The rational guest of the Moon, on the other hand, gets information about the effects on the body and the metamorphoses that occur in the composite bodies in the elemental nature[33]. It has been emphasized that if we act only in our minds and make analyzes and analyzes using the power of independent reason, the information we can obtain will be limited.
In the following sections of his work called Fütuhattı Mekkiyye, he talks about the effects and properties of the Moon; Every scientific subject that occurs on Monday is made up of Adam's spirit. Every sublime work that occurs in the element of air and fire is from the swimming of the Moon. Every despicable work consisting of water and earth elements is from the movement of the earth's sky. The region belonging to that person is the seventh region. The sciences, the science of happiness and misfortune, the science of names and their properties, the science of tide, and the science of increase and decrease, which occur for this Price at all hours of Monday and Friday when this destiny is ruled, is the science of increase and decrease [34]. The motto of the Seventh Price is the verse "We have submitted the trust." Because trust is the owner of the seventh order. In addition, the creation of Adam, who is expressed as human, took place in the seventh rank. Because it is composed of the mind, then the soul, then the waste, then the fate, then two effects, then two passives. These are six. Then man, which is Adam, was formed at the seventh level[35]. Here, too, the number "seven" is emphasized.
Mustafa İloğlu, who compiled the work called Hidden Sciences Treasure, made the following determinations in his compilation; The nature of the moon is water and nature-friendly soil. Of the stars, his friend is the Client (Jupiter) and his enemy star is the Sun. Those under the influence of this star are generally withdrawn and shy in nature. The gazebos are very soft-hearted. Although they are loyal, they easily crave surrender. This is because of their lack of strength. Although they are cold in nature, they are humble and affectionate. Rather than loving, they are loved, muti, resigned, contented. They are of mutahavvil, harmless, resigned natures. They shy away from struggle and like solitude. They like to travel and have excellent chances in business[36].
The influences of the Moon are mentioned in the following sentences in the Ihvan-i Safa tracts; Spiritual forces emanate from the lunar circle that permeate the whole realm and its parts. All beings in the realm sometimes breathe from the realm of the realms to the realm of formation at the beginning of the month, sometimes they breathe from the realm of formation to the realm of the realms at the end of the month. He is the middle power between the realm of the realms, which is the source of permanence and competence, and the realm of the elements, which is the source of formation, decay, decline and unification. This is analogous to the radiating power from the lungs that allows breathing, sometimes by drawing air from the outside of the body to maintain the natural temperature within it, sometimes sending it outside to rest. As you breathe in air, the lung swells and enlarges, while exhaling it weakens and shrinks. Likewise, the lunar circle expands with the help of those above it, and its angels descend with sublime substances and heavenly goodness; thus, [Moon] has the effect of increasing, growing and multiplying in the realm. Then the water of the rivers increases, increases and the objects become larger. This goes on until the middle of the month. During this time, some mines and ores are formed. His spirits make silver and salt and white bodies like snow in the mines. White mountains and snowy places belong to him. The animals that are composed of water, fed from it and invaded by its spirits also belong to him. His deeds and armies relate to the births of hospices, collectors, and waterworkers, such as deputies and dignitaries. We have mentioned the deeds of the clergy belonging to the mansions in which the moon floats and visit them, the things that descend from it and from them to the earthly realm and the lower center, and the things that come from it, and the things that a person who does business should know when he wants to do what he does. This power is reserved for the management of the realm of becoming and decay. The moon is the sky of the earth. His angels are in charge of the earthly realm. No one knows their number except Allah Almighty. They are led by an angel with a flag in his hand that reads: "There is no god but Allah, who has no partner." In another verse, "We have appointed mansions for the moon, where it will eventually turn into a dry palm branch. Neither the sun can reach the moon nor the night can pass. Each one swims in an orbit[37].
Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı states in his book Marifetname that astronomers gave the name little light about the moon and the nature of the crescent and star is cold and damp in moderation, and the night female was found and named as Orta blessed. Characteristics of the Moon; weakness of will, incompetence, concealment, ignorance, insults, haste, bullying, denunciation, evidence, movement and voice were found. The moon was dominant on Monday and Friday night. In that case, the previous hours of that day and tonight are proportional to this[38].
Agrippa, on the other hand, gave a talisman related to the influences of the Moon and mentioned the faults of using this talisman as follows; If it is engraved on a silver plate with an auspicious Moon, it ensures that the bearer is worthy, lovable, pleasant, joyful, honorable, and removes all evil and ill will. It provides safety on the journey, increases the presence and health of the body, and drives away enemies and other bad things from wherever you want. If it is written with the ominous Moon on a lead plate, the opposite of what is counted takes place[39].
In addition, Agrippa makes the following determinations regarding the things that the Moon is associated with in the elemental realm; Soil and water, the water of the sea and rivers, all the moisture of things, the wetness of trees and animals, especially of the white ones, are monthly. Among the flavors are salty, bland ones. Among the metals is silver. Among the stones are crystal, white pyrite, all white and green stones; pearl, beryl, selenite stone is lunar. Palm, black moon, olive tree, gum tree. Lunar animals go to extremes in love and hate. Dogs, chameleons, pigs, doe, goats, cats are moons. All aquatic animals are also lunar. Geese, ducks, spoonbills, all fish-feeding birds, wasps, flyflies, and flesh-derived insects are lunar. The strangest is the two-horned beetle. This insect has two horns like a bull. It digs up the cattle manure and stays there for 27 days. During this time, the Moon measures the zodiac. On the 29th day, this insect opens the manure and throws its eggs into the water[40].
[1] Eliphas Levi, Metafizik Maji Öğretisi ve Ritüeli, İstanbul : Mavi Kalem Yayınevi, Ezgi Matbaacılık, Cilt 2, Baskı 2018, syf: 202 [2] Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Gizli Felsefe ya da Büyü Felsefesi, Çeviren Levent Özşer, İsanbul: Biblos Kitapevi, Yıldız Matbaa, Cilt 2, 3. Basım 2019, syf: 131 – 133 [3] Gökyüzü Atlası, Evrenin Keşfi : Yıldızlarla, Gezegenler Arasında Bir Yolculuk, İstanbul: 2010 Boyut Yayıncılık, Boyut Matbaacılık A.Ş., Syf : 42 – 43 [4] Gökyüzü Atlası, Evrenin Keşfi : Yıldızlarla, Gezegenler Arasında Bir Yolculuk, İstanbul: 2010 Boyut Yayıncılık, Boyut Matbaacılık A.Ş., Syf : 43 – 45 [5] Gökyüzü Atlası, Evrenin Keşfi : Yıldızlarla, Gezegenler Arasında Bir Yolculuk, İstanbul: 2010 Boyut Yayıncılık, Boyut Matbaacılık A.Ş., Syf : 47 – 49 [6] Gökyüzü Atlası, Evrenin Keşfi : Yıldızlarla, Gezegenler Arasında Bir Yolculuk, İstanbul: 2010 Boyut Yayıncılık, Boyut Matbaacılık A.Ş., Syf : 50 – 52 [7] Gökyüzü Atlası, Evrenin Keşfi : Yıldızlarla, Gezegenler Arasında Bir Yolculuk, İstanbul: 2010 Boyut Yayıncılık, Boyut Matbaacılık A.Ş., Syf : 52 – 53 [8] Gökyüzü Atlası, Evrenin Keşfi : Yıldızlarla, Gezegenler Arasında Bir Yolculuk, İstanbul: 2010 Boyut Yayıncılık, Boyut Matbaacılık A.Ş., Syf : 53 – 55 [9] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [10] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [11] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [12] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [13] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [14] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [15] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 36 - 37 [16] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 14 [17] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 21 [18] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 17 [19] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 18 [20] H. P. Blavatsky, Peçesiz İsiz, Çeviren Ruya S. Uğurlu, İstanbul : Mitra Yayıncılık, Çıkar Matbaa, 1. Cilt, 4. Baskı, 2020, Syf: 326 [21] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 320 - 321 [22] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 320 - 321 [23] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 320 - 321 [24] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 320 - 321 [25] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 320 - 321 [26] Başvuru Kitapları Mitoloji, 6. Baskı Nisan 2015, NTV Yayınları, Doğuş Yayın Grubu, İstanbul, Syf: 320 - 321 [27] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 16 [28] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 357 [29] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 14 - 15 [30] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 15 [31] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 16 [32] Prof. Dr. Mustafa TÖZÜN, Kur’an Rehberliğinde Ezoterizm ve Mitoloji, Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı, 1.Basım, Mart 2020, syf: 25 - 26 [33] İbn Arabi, Fütuhatı Mekkiyye, Çeviren Ekrem Demirli, İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 8.Cilt, 4. Baskı 2017, syf: 41 - 42 [34] İbn Arabi, Fütuhatı Mekkiyye, Çeviren Ekrem Demirli, İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 1.Cilt, 10. Baskı 2020, syf: 440 [35] İbn Arabi, Fütuhatı Mekkiyye, Çeviren Ekrem Demirli, İstanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 1.Cilt, 10. Baskı 2020, syf: 443 [36] Mustafa İloğlu, ed., Gizli İlimler Hazinesi, İstanbul : Seda Yayınları, Şubat 2013, Cilt. 1, Syf: 53 - 79 [37] İhvan-ı Safa Risaleleri, Ayrıntı Yayınları, İstanbul: Kayhan Matbaacılık, Cilt.4, 1. Basım, 2014, Syf: 168 [38] Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı, Marifetname, Prof. Dr. Durali Yılmaz, İstanbul: Ataç Yayınları, Mart 2016, Cilt 1 Syf: 130 - 218 [39] Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Gizli Felsefe ya da Büyü Felsefesi, Çeviren Levent Özşer, İsanbul: Biblos Kitapevi, Yıldız Matbaa, Cilt 2, 3. Basım 2019, syf: 90 [40] Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa, Gizli Felsefe ya da Büyü Felsefesi, Çeviren Levent Özşer, İsanbul: Biblos Kitapevi, Yıldız Matbaa, Cilt 1, 4. Basım 2020, syf: 101 – 103
Comments